Journal: Biosafety and Health

Article Title: SEC11A identified as a critical host factor for HMPV through virus-induced alternative splicing

doi: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2026.01.001

Figure Lengend Snippet: HMPV-driven alterations in SEC11A mRNA splicing facilitate viral replication. A) Different polyclonal knockout cells were infected at an MOI of 0.05, and the copy number of the HMPV N gene in the cell culture supernatant was measured at 2 days post-infection (triplicate replicates). A significant reduction in HMPV infection was observed in SEC11A -KO cell lines, as determined by ordinary one-way ANOVA. B) Infected cells were subjected to immunofluorescence staining using anti-HMPV-F protein antibody, with nuclei counterstained by DAPI. C) The relative fluorescence intensity was quantified using ImageJ software, as determined by ordinary one-way ANOVA. D) Cell pellets collected before and after infection were lysed for western blot analysis to detect the expression of HMPV-F protein and host target proteins, as determined by two-way ANOVA. At 2 and 3 dpi with HMPV, both the copy number of the HMPV N gene (E) and the number of infectious viral particles (F) in the supernatant of SEC11A -KO cells showed a significant reduction compared to wild-type cells, as determined by two-way ANOVA, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001, ns indicates no significant difference ( P > 0.05). Abbreviations: MOI, multiplicity of infection; HMPV, human metapneumovirus; mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid; DAPI, 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride; WT, wild type; dpi, days post-infection.

Article Snippet: After another three PBS washes, the immunofoci were visualized and counted using a fluorescence immunospot imaging analysis system (S6 Ultra, CTL, USA).

Techniques: Knock-Out, Infection, Cell Culture, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence, Software, Western Blot, Expressing